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sames sames sames sames sames features ! performs bidirectional energy meter- ing and includes a 7 digit lcd driver with announciators ! 4 externally selectable on-chip tariff registers ! an additional total energy register ! meets the accuracy requirements for class 1 ac watt hour meters ! optical interface for electronic reading according to iec1107 mode d 1/12 ! pulse output for calibration ! total power consumption rating below 600mw ! uses a shunt resistor for current sens- ing ! operates over a wide temperature range ! demonstration software included monochip single phase bidirectional kilowatt hour metering module PM9109BFx pds038-sa9109-001 rev. 3 28-06-00 sa9109b application note PM9109BF description the sames monochip single phase bidirectional kilowatt hour metering module, the PM9109BF, provides all the required metering functions including energy measure- ment, a 7 digit lcd driver, a tariff selection facility, an optical port as well as a pulse output for calibration purposes. energy consumption is determined by the power measurement being integrated over time. this method of calculation takes the power factor into account. this application utilises the sames sa9109bfa monochip single phase bidirectional kilowatt hour metering ic for energy measurement. as a safety measure, this application shows the current sensor connected to the neutral line. in practice the live line may be used for current sensing, provided that the supply connections (mains) are reversed on the module.
PM9109BF 2/18 sames sames sames sames sames absolute maximum ratings* parameter symbol min max unit supply voltage (note 1) v ac 540 v current sense input (note 1) v iv -2.5 v storage temperature t stg -25 +125 c operating temperature t o -10 +70 (note 2) c max current i max 800 (note 3) a through sensor i max 2000 (note 4) a note 1: voltages are specified with reference to live. note 2: the sa9109b integrated circuit is specified to operate over the temperature range -10c to +70c. the module functionality will however depend upon the external components used. note 3: t = 500ms note 4: t = 1ms *stresses above those listed under ?absolute maximum ratings? may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only. functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification, is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability. block diagram scroll sa9109b n l shun t pow er sup ply bat t ery bac kup load dis play dr-00995 optical port pulse outp ut isolated calibration interface pgm dt a cl k res et tariff sel ect
PM9109BF sames sames sames sames sames 3/18 electrical characteristics (over the temperature range -10c to +70c, unless otherwise specified. power consumption figures are applicable to the PM9109BFe only.) parameter symbol min typ max unit condition supply voltage v ac 180 230 265 v PM9109BFe (continues) power consumption 1 500 mw v ac = 230v supply direct from mains isolation voltage 2 v is 2500 v continuous opto-coupler output current i o 10 ma v ol = 1v opto-coupler input current i i 10 ma note 1: power consumption specifications exclude power consumed by the current sensor. note 2: isolation voltage may be specified, depending on customer requirements. pin description designation description mains voltage supply connection to neutral line voltage supply connection to live line neutral in connection to positive side of current sensor neutral out connection to negative side of current sensor sk1 isolated programming interface 5-pin header connector sk2 isolated pulse output 2-pin header connector
PM9109BF 4/18 sames sames sames sames sames functional description 1. energy calculation this application note should be read in conjunction with the sa9109b data sheet. in the application circuit (see figure 2), the output current from the current sensor will be between 0 and 16 a (0 to 80a through a shunt resistor of 625 ? ). the current input stage of the module saturates at input currents greater than 18arms. the mains voltage + 15% - 20%) is used to supply the circuitry with power and to perform the energy calculation, together with the current information from the current sensor (shunt resistor). the sa9109bf integrated circuit may be adjusted to accommodate any voltage or current values. the method for calculating external component values is described in paragraph 9 (circuit description). the accumulated energy is directly displayed on a 7 digit lcd. this unique application offers a host of additional features, which are dealt with below. 2. electrostatic discharge (esd) protection the device's inputs/outputs are protected against esd according to the mil-std 883c, method 3015. the modules resistance to transients will be dependant upon the protection components used. 3. power consumption the overall power consumption rating for this power metering application (figure 2), is under 600mw, excluding the current sensor, when the supply is taken directly from the mains. 4. isolation the programming interface and pulse output are isolated from the module which is at mains potential, via opto-couplers. (in the event of the use of a current transformer for current sensing, the opto-couplers would not be required). 5. isolated programming interface this isolated interface is provided to allow the user to programme the tariff register values, calibration constants and manufacturer/meter identification codes. this port is enabled by inserting the jumpers j8, j9 and j10. the programming may be performed via the parallel port of a personal computer.
PM9109BF sames sames sames sames sames 5/18 the designation of the pins on connector sk1 are given below: pm9109b pc parallel connectors (suggested) pin description pin description 1 gnd 18 gnd 2pb2d1 3 pclk 4 d3 4 pdta 5 d4 5 pgm 3 d2 note: the recommended connections above are applicable for the demonstration software provided with the PM9109BF. 6. optical port the optical port has been designed to meet the iec1107 mode d specification. this facility offers a pulse output as well as a serial data meter reading facility. three types of interfacing elements from the PM9109BF are available: a) infra-red optical port b) red led c) opto-coupler in order to maximise the intensity of the element, it is suggested that only one of the outputs be used at any one time. jumper element j5 opto coupler j6 infra red led j7 red led 7. liquid crystal display (lcd) the PM9109BF includes a lcd comprising of seven digits with announciators. to cater for compatibility with future devices, four jumpers are provided for backplane driving configurations. the PM9109BF boards are shipped to the customer with jumpers in a default configuration. this note refers to the sa9109b data sheet throughout the text and it is recommended that a copy of the data sheet of the sa9109b is on hand when reading through this description.
PM9109BF 6/18 sames sames sames sames sames the sa9109b data sheet uses 80a and 230v for rated current and rated voltage when explaining functionality of the device. this is just for example and any other rated values may be used. all ac voltages and currents are rms values unless otherwise specified. let us assume that we want to measure the energy for current range 0 ... 200a and voltage range 0 ... 120v. in this case i lr =200a is a rated line current and v lr =120v is a rated line voltage. rated line power is 200a * 120v = 24kw. three simple steps must now be followed: step 1 select the shunt resistor rsh value and adjust the values of resistors r1, r2 in such a way that current flowing into the device?s current sense input (pins 9 and 10) is 16a for rated line current (200a). this should be simple and straightforward task because current sense input of the device (pins 9 and 10) behaves as a virtual short. for this example a shunt resistor with a value of 625 ? is selected. this will result in the current sense input resistors having a value of r1=r2=1.6k ? . it is important to ensure that the voltage drop across the shunt resistor is not too low as the precision may suffer. step 2 choose resistors r3, r6 and r4 such that current flowing into the voltage sense input (pin 8) is 14a for rated line voltage (120v). r3 and r4 forms a voltage divider from line voltage to approx. 10-20v and r4 is a serial resistor for setting the required voltage sense current of 14a. input to the device again behaves as a virtual short (with respect to gnd - pin 11). the value of capacitor c5 introduces a phase shift which can be used to compensate for current transformers, it is chosen to ensure that it forms a short with respect to r4 for typical mains frequency. for this example r3 = 106k, r6 = 14k and r4 = 1m. step 3 to calculate how much energy is represented by one pulse on output sdo (pin 39) and one display increment, the following is now performed:
PM9109BF sames sames sames sames sames 7/18 the formula for f p, as shown in the data sheet can be simplified if: fosc = 3.5795mhz recommended crystal with this frequency is used i i = 16a by choice of correct values for rsh, r1 and r2 (step 1) i v = 14a by choice of correct values for r3, r6 and r4 (step 2) i r = 50a recommended reference setting with value of 24k for resistor r7 if these values are substituted into the original formula: f p = 40062.5/ks (1) ks is an integer constant which can be programmed into the device. range is 1025 ... 16384. display increment frequency is 64 times lower (refer to diagram ?programmable slope divider? in the datasheet). display increment = 40062.5/(ks*64) = 626/ks (2) substituting ks into each of these two formulae gives ranges for f p and display increment: f p = 39.0854hz ... 3.6659hz (3) display increment = 0.6107hz ... 0.0573hz (4) these values are min and max for f p at all rated conditions because of properly adjusted resistor values (chosen in step 1 and step 2) to ensure that i i = 16a and i v = 14a. how much energy is now represented by one pulse on sdo? in this example the rated power is 24000w which gives energy 24000ws for 1 second. energy for 1 pulse on sdo is then 24000ws/f p . now substitute ranges given in statement (3) above: energy for 1 pulse on sdo = (24000/39.0854)ws ... (24000/3.6659)ws = 614.04ws ... 6546.82ws
PM9109BF 8/18 sames sames sames sames sames similarly by using (4) energy for 1 display increment = (24000/0.6107)ws ... (24000/0.0573)ws = 39299.2ws ... 418848.2ws = 0.0109kwh ... 0.1164kwh any value in this range can be chosen by programming ks into the device. how is the calibration factor, ks, derived? ks = (626 * e ws ) / (v lr * i lr ) (5) or ks = (626 * 3600 * 1000 * e kwh ) / (v lr * i lr ) (6) where i lr is rated line current v lr is rated line voltage e ws is energy for one display increment in ws e kwh is energy for one display increment in kwh this formula is valid only if 16a flows into current sense input for rated line current i lr and 14a flows into voltage sense input for rated line voltage v lr (in other words - resistor adjustments as shown as example in step 1 and step 2 must be carried out). for practical reasons it is standard to use 0.1kwh for 1 display increment. using formula (6) : ks = (626 * 3600 * 1000 * 0.1) / (120 * 200) = 9390 it can be derived that a value of ks=9390 must be programmed into the device for 0.1kwh for one display increment, if i lr =200a and v lr =120v. this constant may vary 10% for calibration purposes. using this approach it is shown that: 1) the sa9109b device can be adjusted to any rated values (even orders of magnitude higher or lower than in this example); 2) ranges for energy per display increment can be calculated. this approach also applies to the sa9110a.
PM9109BF sames sames sames sames sames 9/18 8. tariff, scroll and reset functions tariff selection a dual dip switch provides the user with the facility to set the active tariff register in which consumption will be accumulated. the active register is indicated on the lcd. scroll facility the 4 registers may be sequentially displayed by activating the scroll button. the contents of the register selected for display is retained on the display for a period of 10 seconds, provided that the push button is not activated during this period. after the 10 seconds has elapsed, the display defaults to the "active" register defined by the status of the tariff dip switches. the register selected for display via the scroll button is indicated by the relevant announciators. reset function by pressing the reset button the contents of the ram of the sa9109b device is set to the default conditions. jumpers j8, j9 and j10 must be removed to use this feature. it is strongly recommended that the provision of this facility is not made available on production meters. 9. circuit description the application circuit (figure 2) shows the components required for a power metering application, using a shunt resistor for current sensing. in this application the circuitry requires a +2.5v, 0v, -2.5v dc supply. the most important external components are: c 1 and c 2 are the outer loop capacitors for the two integrated oversampling a/d converters. the value of these capacitors is 560pf. the actual values determine signal to noise and stability performance. the tolerances should be within 10%. c 3 and c 4 are the inner loop capacitors of the a/d converters. the optimum value is 3.3nf. the actual values are uncritical. values smaller than 0.5nf and larger than 5nf should be avoided. r 2 , r 1 and r sh are the resistors defining the current level into the current sense input. the values should be selected for an input current of 16 a rms into the sa9109b, at rated line current.
PM9109BF 10/18 sames sames sames sames sames values for rsh of less than 200 ? should be avoided. r 1 = r 2 = (i l /16 a rms ) * r sh /2 where i l = line current r sh = shunt resistor r 3a , r 3b , r 6 and r 4 set the current for the voltage sense input. the values should be selected so that the input current into the voltage sense input (virtual ground) is set to 14 a. r 7 defines all on-chip bias and reference currents. with r 7 = 24k ? , optimum conditions are set. r 7 may be varied within 10% for calibration purposes. any change to r 7 will affect the energy calculation quadratically. xtal is a colour burst tv crystal (f = 3.5795mhz) for the oscillator. the oscillator frequency is divided down to 1.7897mhz on-chip and supplies the a/d converters and the digital circuitry. 10. demonstration software the accompanying diskette requires an ibm or compatible pc with ms-dos installed. this software, supplied on a 1.4m 3?" disk, will allow the user to read and write settings from/to the demonstration unit. context sensitive help screen for each input field or command prompt are available by invoking [alt] h or [f1] key. an introduction is available by pressing the [f1] key immediately after installation. installation 1. copy the file sa9109.exe to the directory from which to operate. 2. connect the demonstration board to either com1 or com2 (default) of the pc. 3. the demonstration board may now be connected to the load and the mains supply attached as suggested in the functional description section of the appropriate application note. 4. at the dos prompt type sa9109 and carriage return [cr] to invoke the programme.
PM9109BF sames sames sames sames sames 11/18 running the programme on entering the programme, the user will be offered a selection of fields to choose from. a brief description of each field is given below: comms selection of serial communication port connecting the demoboard containing the sa9109b to the pc. read start task of reading from attached sa9109b device. write data stored in the input boxes displayed on the right hand side of the screen will be written via the parallel port connected on sk1. capture boxes with a .............. on display will write the value displayed in the read section for that parameter. help screen of useful keystrokes used in the programme. a number of input boxes are available to the user to enter register start values, identity numbers, and the slope factor for the output frequency. input boxes are: tariff 1 initial value from which the device must start accumulation of data of chosen as "active" tariff register tariff 4 sign +/- the register value input for tariff 1 -- tariff 4 may be either a positive (+) or negative (-) value. total as with the tariff registers, an initial value from which accumu- lation of registers totals will begin may be entered. this regis- ter, in practice, will contain the sum of the four tariff registers. updating of this register takes place automatically when either of the tariff registers increment during power consumption. i.d. man/ numeric code to allow the supplier to individually attach a ref- i.d. sys erence identifier to a metering unit. type this field should remain as per default (sa9109b selected). the sa9109b will increment irrespective of energy direction.
PM9109BF 12/18 sames sames sames sames sames slope the output frequency at sdo (f p ) may be adjusted during cali bration according to the formula: f p = 11.16 x fosc x i i i v x 40062.5 3.5795e6 i r 2 k s where fosc = oscillator frequency (2mhz --- 4mhz) i i = input current for current sensor input (16a at rated line current) i v = input current for voltage sensor input (14a at rated line voltage) i r = reference current (typically 50a) k s = slope constant (1025 --- 16384) (default 11389) for default rated conditions the output frequency on sdo will be 3.5hz. the display is incremented after every 64th pulse on sdo as shown in the block diagram below. useful notes: 1. a context sensitive help screen is available throughout the programme and is invoked by using [f1] or [alt]-h. 2. hot key features are available for a number of functions and can be identi fied for use by the highlighted character of the field. for example, [alt]c for comms field. 3. to exit from the programme [esc] or [alt]-x 40062.5* pulses / s dr-00938 1 / k s di splay increment 1 / 64 f p
PM9109BF sames sames sames sames sames 13/18 figure 1: connection diagram
PM9109BF 14/18 sames sames sames sames sames figure 2: application circuit r1 6 pdta j8 14 sa9109b os ci pgm os co load 37 38 42 41 r1 0 r9 n supply l dr-00 9 9 7 d2 zd3 c1 1 d1 c1 0 r5 c5 r6 rsh r3 a zd1 cop con bat . c8 c7 zd2 c9 gnd r8 +5v d4 c4 c2 c1 2c1 3 7 6 4 5 cin cip d3 r3 b +5v r1 c6 r2 12 2 vba r7 ss 11 3 v gnd 17 vref v dd r4 iv n 9 8 iip 10 iin x1 rese t j10 r1 5 r1 4 11 12 +5v 564 pclk sout sr[1 ] sr[0 ] 40 43 39 44 1 8 29 cpon cpip cpop cpin 13 c1 c3 16 14 15 30 c[7 ] r[1 ] 21 20 r[3 ] r[2 ] 19 35 c[1 2 ] 36 18 r[0 ] c[1 3 ] 34 33 32 31 c[9 ] c[8 ] c[1 0 ] c[1 1 ] pb 29 c[6 ] c[5 ] 25 c[2 ] 28 27 26 c[3 ] c[4 ] 24 23 22 c[0 ] c[1 ] cof f t4 cost 4 1 2 3 t1 5 6 7 t3 com . t1 cost t2 total 33 34 35 36 . . . . 31 32 30 kw sh j2 w h /im p hz 32 1 im p/k w h % e rro r lc d j3 t2 t3 t4 10 11 12 13 9 14 j1 tot al 15 16 17 18 . . . . . . . . 24 25 26 27 28 23 . . . 19 20 21 22 j4 u 2 1 2 red_ led ir_ le d scrol l u 1 j9 q1 13 15 10 16 9 tar r1 3 r1 2 j7 j6 4 12 38 7 s k 1 1 1 u 3 r1 1 56 s k 2 j5 ss v +5v
PM9109BF sames sames sames sames sames 15/18 parts list for application circuit: figure 2 item symbol description detail 1 u-1 sa9109bf plcc-44 2 u-2 ilq74 (quad opto-coupler) dip-16 3 u-3 4n35 (opto-coupler) dip-6 4 xtal crystal 3.5795mhz colour burst tv 5 r1 resistor, 1.6k ? , 1%, metal note 1 6 r2 resistor, 1.6k ? , 1%, metal note 1 7 r3a resistor, 180k ? , 1%, metal note 2 8 r3b resistor, 200k ? , 1%, metal note 2 9 r4 resistor, 24k ? , 1%, metal note 2 10 r5 resistor, 470k ? , 2w, 5% 11 r6 resistor, 24k ? , 1%, metal note 2 12 r7 resistor, 24k ? , 1%, metal 13 r8 resistor, 2m ? , 1%, metal 14 r9 resistor, 680 ? , 1%, metal 15 r10 resistor, 680 ? , 1%, metal 16 r11 resistor, 680 ? , 1%, metal 17 r12 resistor, 2.2k ? , 1%, metal 18 r13 resistor, 2.2k ? , 1%, metal 19 r14 resistor, 2.2k ? , 1%, metal 20 r15 resistor, 2.2k ? , 1%, metal 21 r16 resistor, 2.2k ? , 1%, metal 22 rsh shunt resistor, 80a, 50mv (625 ? ) note 1 23 c1 capacitor, 560pf 24 c2 capacitor, 560pf 25 c3 capacitor, 3.3nf 26 c4 capacitor, 3.3nf 27 c5 capacitor, 470nf, polyester, 250vac 28 c6 capacitor, 1 f, 16v 29 c7 capacitor, 100nf 30 c8 capacitor, 100nf 31 c9 capacitor, 820nf 32 c10 capacitor, 100 f, 16v 33 c11 capacitor, 100 f , 16v 34 c12 capacitor, 820nf 35 c13 capacitor, 100nf 36 bat battery, 1.2v 37 ir led infrared light emitting diode 38 red led red light emitting diode 39 q1 photo transistor 40 d1 diode, 1n4148 41 d2 diode, 1n4148 42 d3 diode, 1n4148
PM9109BF 16/18 sames sames sames sames sames parts list for application circuit: figure 2 (continued) item symbol description detail 43 d4 diode 1n4148 44 zd1 zener diode, 2.4v 45 zd2 zener diode, 2.4v 46 zd3 zener diode, 47v 47 scroll no, push button 48 reset no, push button 49 tariff dip switch, 2 pole 50 lcd oel-7678* note 1: resistor (r1 and r2) values are dependant upon the selected values of rsh. see paragraph 9 (circuit description) when selecting the value of rsh. note 2: see the table below for resistor values, assuming a 115v/80v metering application is required. description item symbol 115v/80a detail 7 r3a 120k ? 8 r3b 82k ? 27 c5 1 f ordering information part number description PM9109BFe 230v, 80a module PM9109BFa 115v, 80a module *the lcd display is available from: jebon corporation unit 709, poongsan factoria town, 1141-2, baegsok-dong, ilsan-district, koyangcity, kyonggi-do, 411-360, korea tel: +82-31-902-9161 (12 lines) fax: +82-31-902-7775/7776 web site: http://www.jebon.com
PM9109BF sames sames sames sames sames 17/18 note:
PM9109BF 18/18 sames sames sames sames sames any sales or technical questions may be posted to our e-mail address below: energy@sames.co.za for the latest updates on datasheets, please visit out web site: http://www.sames.co.za south african micro-electronic systems (pty) ltd p o box 15888, 33 eland street, lynn east, 0039 koedoespoort industrial area, republic of south africa, pretoria, republic of south africa tel: 012 333-6021 tel: int +27 12 333-6021 fax: 012 333-8071 fax: int +27 12 333-8071 disclaimer: the information contained in this document is confidential and proprietary to south african micro-electronic systems (pty) ltd ("sames") and may not be copied or disclosed to a third party, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of sames. the information contained herein is current as of the date of publication; however, delivery of this document shall not under any circumstances create any implication that the information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to such date. sames does not undertake to inform any recipient of this document of any changes in the information contained herein, and sames expressly reserves the right to make changes in such information, without notification, even if such changes would render information contained herein inaccurate or incomplete. sames makes no representation or warranty that any circuit designed by reference to the information contained herein, will function without errors and as intended by the designer.

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